How Do You Get Published?

There really is no answer for this question. A lot of people are looking for a quick fix or easy road to getting published. There really isn't one. There are some things you can do to have a better chance at getting published though.

Read. You have to read in order to know, understand and use writing conventions. Reading also helps you get to know markets to which you want to submit manuscripts.
Learn the English language and its writing conventions. Even if you want to create experimental fiction, you must first know and understand the writing conventions that exist. Simple things like not using Tom Swiftys or not using passive sentences will demonstrate to an editor that you're not ignorant.
Read and FOLLOW the guidelines markets provide for both the type of manuscripts they buy and the format in which they want manuscripts. Each market knows its audience and knows what it will and will not buy. Sending a horror story to a market that only publishes romances will get your nowhere. Only send what the market says it wants. Each market has specific conventions for how it wants manuscripts submitted to it. Follow these conventions. Doing otherwise puts your manuscript on the fast track to rejection. There are some manuscript formatting conventions that are common no matter which market you are submitting to. You should know these and follow them.
Present your work in a professional manner. Using colored paper or nonstandard fonts is not professional. If you've read any articles written by editors and publishers, you'll already know that they do not even bother with manuscripts that use these tricks. Besides, using these tricks breaks the previous rule! :-)
When you submit a manuscript, it should be complete and ready for publishing. Saying the manuscript is a "first draft" or that it can be edited further tells the editor that you're not done with it. It also makes them wonder why you're bothering them with unfinished work. Send your manuscript when it's finished and let the quality of your writing sell it.
If you are submitting a book manuscript, most editors ask for the first three chapters of a manuscript and a synopsis, but that may vary. Always check with the market's writer's guidelines before you submit your work.

I'm sure there are more things to mention, but I can't think of them at the moment. If you have anything you want to add, let me know.